# witnesses (2-witnesses.org)

People use "witnesses" to mean people who saw something happen and can describe it later. In everyday talk it means bystanders, spectators, or people who give testimony in court about what they observed.

## What a model may hear
- blockchain consensus validators (distributed systems and cryptocurrency): may assume the user wants information about validator nodes that confirm transactions, or settings for witness servers in networks like Ripple or Steem
- database transaction observers (database systems and replication): may interpret as processes that monitor or log changes to ensure consistency across copies of data
- BFT protocol participants (Byzantine fault tolerance research): may assume the user refers to nodes in algorithms like PBFT that collect signed messages to prove agreement
- cryptographic proof elements (zero-knowledge proofs and verifiable computation): may think of values or commitments that a prover reveals to a verifier to establish truth without full disclosure
- legal evidence API endpoints (court technology and e-discovery platforms): may search for or suggest software functions that manage witness statements, depositions, or testimony records

## Where people and models part ways
- Says: "I need two witnesses for this"
  Means: the person wants two people present to observe and later vouch for something
  May be taken as: the model may explain blockchain validator setup or database replication with two witness nodes
  Say instead: "I need two people to watch me sign this and confirm they saw it"
- Says: "Can you list the witnesses?"
  Means: who saw the accident or event
  May be taken as: the model may list validator nodes, cryptographic proof components, or database observer processes
  Say instead: "Can you list the people who saw the accident?"
- Says: "The witnesses don't agree"
  Means: people are giving conflicting accounts of what happened
  May be taken as: the model may diagnose consensus failures, fork conditions, or data inconsistency in distributed systems
  Say instead: "The people who saw it are telling different stories"
- Says: "We need more witnesses"
  Means: we need more people who observed the event
  May be taken as: the model may suggest adding validator nodes, increasing replication factors, or expanding cryptographic proof sets
  Say instead: "We need more people who can describe what they saw"

## Tips
- Say 'people who saw it' or 'eyewitnesses' if you mean human observers, not technical nodes
- Add context like 'at the scene' or 'in court' to steer away from blockchain or database meanings
- If you mean technical witnesses, name the system explicitly: 'Ripple witnesses' or 'database witness servers'
- Avoid 'witness nodes' unless you mean distributed systems; the phrase strongly triggers technical interpretations
- Use 'bystanders' or 'onlookers' for casual human observation to completely sidestep technical senses

## Often confused with
- validators: technical nodes that confirm data, not people who observe events
- observers: can mean people watching, but in systems means monitoring processes
- oracles: systems that feed external data to blockchains, not human witnesses
- notaries: officials who authenticate documents, not general observers
- testimony: the statement given, not the people who give it
- deponents: people who give sworn out-of-court statements, narrower than general witnesses